showSidebars ==
showTitleBreadcrumbs == 1
node.field_disable_title_breadcrumbs.value == 0

Asian Management Insights: References and endnotes

Volume 13 Issue 2 | August 2026

PULSE POINT

How Institutions Learn to Become More Resilient

Resilient institutions do more than respond to disruption. They build capacity to learn, question assumptions and change course while decisions can still make a difference.

References 

  1. See for example, Independent Evaluation Department, ADB Support for the Transition from Crisis Response to long-term Development in Asia and the Pacific, (Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2024); Independent Evaluation Group, Crisis Response and Resilience to Systemic Shocks, (Washington, DC, USA: The World Bank Group, 2017). 
  2. Arianna Legovini, Vincenzo Di Maro, and Caio Piza, “Impact Evaluation Helps Deliver Development Projects” (World Bank Group, 2015), https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-7157. 
  3. Legovini et al. (ibid)
  4. China’s nominal per capita income is roughly 30-33 times that of Afghanistan; India’s population is roughly 800,000 times larger than that of Niue, according to ADB statistics. 

INSIGHTS

Purposeful Engagement: How Supervisor Support Drives Sustainability Outcomes

By Susan Chong and Tan Hwee Hoon

References

  1. United Nations Environment Programme, Emissions Gap Report 2024: No More Hot Air … Please! With a Massive Gap Between Rhetoric and Reality, Countries Draft New Climate Commitments (Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme, 2024), https://doi.org/10.59117/20.500.11822/46404.
  2. Roxana Bardan, “Temperatures Rising: NASA Confirms 2024 Warmest Year on Record,” NASA, January 10, 2025, https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/temperatures-rising-nasa-confirms-2024-warmest-year-on-record/.
  3. Gallup, State of the Global Workplace: 2026 Report (Gallup, Inc., 2026), https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx.
  4. IPCC, “AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023,” 2023, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-assessment-report-cycle/.
  5. Susan Y.M. Chong, “Impact of supervisor support and organisational support on individual employee engagement in environmental organisational citizenship tasks.” PhD diss., (Singapore Management University, 2025). 
  6. William A. Kahn, “Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work,” Academy of Management Journal 33, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 692–724, https://doi.org/10.2307/256287. 

INSIGHTS

The Edge in Not Knowing

By Neal Jha

References

  1. Willy C. Shih, “Global Supply Chains in a Post-Pandemic World,” Harvard Business Review, September 2020, https://hbr.org/2020/09/global-supply-chains-in-a-post-pandemic-world. 
  2. Yves L. Doz, “The Strategic Decisions That Caused Nokia’s Failure,” November 23, 2017, https://knowledge.insead.edu/strategy/strategic-decisions-caused-nokias-failure. 
  3. Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder (Random House, 2012). 
  4. Stephanie Pappas, “The toll of job loss,” American Psychological Association, October 1, 2020, https://www.apa.org/monitor/2020/10/toll-job-loss. 
  5. Harriette Van Spall, Alisha Kassam, and Travis T. Tollefson, “Near-misses are an opportunity to improve patient safety,” Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery 23, no. 4 (2015): 292–97, https://doi.org/10.1097/moo.0000000000000177.
  6. Christopher A. Bartlett, Vincent Marie Dessain, and Anders Sjoman, IKEA's Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (A), Case 906-414 (Harvard Business School, November 2006), originally published May 2006.
  7. Christopher A. Barlett, IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (TN) (A) and (B), Teaching Note 907-407 (Harvard Business School, December 2012), originally published November 2006.
  8. Inferred from the daily-wage labour context and from IKEA's eventual response, which included funding childcare and schooling near supplier sites; not stated as a cause in the case itself.
  9. Ciara Nugent, “Western Architecture is Making India’s Heatwaves Worse,” TIME, May 22, 2022, https://time.com/6176998/india-heatwaves-western-architecture/. 
  10. Eliyahu M Goldratt, Critical Chain: A Business Novel (Routledge, 2017).

INSIGHTS

Beyond Human Capital

By Yasmin Ortiga

References

  1. Alan M. Borthwick, Rosalie A. Boyce, and Susan A. Nancarrow, “Symbolic Power and Professional Titles: The Case of ‘Podiatric Surgeon,’” Health Sociology Review 24, no. 3 (2015): 310–22, https://doi.org/10.1080/14461242.2015.1051081. 
  2. Rebecca Ye and Yasmin Y. Ortiga, “Stockpiling, Forecasting and Protecting Skills: Skilling as Technique of Preparedness in Times of Crises,” Current Sociology, July 2025, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1177/00113921251347644. 
  3. Natasha Iskander, Does Skill Make Us Human? Migrant Workers in 21st-Century Qatar and Beyond (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2021). 
  4. Yasmin Y. Ortiga, Kellynn Wee, and Brenda S. A. Yeoh, “Connecting Care Chains and Care Diamonds: The Elderly Care Skills Regime in Singapore,” Global Networks 21, no. 2 (2021): 434–54.
  5. Amit Kaplan, “‘Just Let It Pass by and It Will Fall on Some Woman’: Invisible Work in the Labor Market,” Gender & Society 36, no. 6 (2022): 838–68, https://doi.org/10.1177/08912432221128544. 
  6. Sahar Ahadi and Ronald L. Jacobs, “A Review of the Literature on Structured On-the-Job Training and Directions for Future Research,” Human Resource Development Review 16, no. 4 (2017): 323–49, https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484317725945. 

PRACTITIONER'S GUIDE

Crisis Agility: Resilience as a Skill Set

In a world of constant disruption, resilience depends on more than the ability to endure. Effective crisis response requires capabilities that can be learned and practised: recognising what is happening, responding purposefully and adapting as conditions change.

By Keith M. Fitzgerald

References

  1. VUCA is an acronym based on the leadership theories of Warren Bennis and Burt Nanus, to describe the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of general conditions in the new multipolar world, following the end of the Cold War. The U.S. Army War College introduced the concept of VUCA in 1987. 
  2. Reliability engineering is a discipline dedicated to ensuring that systems, equipment, and processes perform their intended functions without failure for a specified period of time. For example, see Woods, D D. “Four concepts for resilience and the implications for the future of resilience engineering.” Reliability Engineering and System Safety (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.018
  3. According to the American Psychological Association Dictionary of Psychology, panic is “a sudden, uncontrollable fear reaction that may involve terror, confusion, and irrational behaviour, precipitated by a perceived threat (e.g., earthquake, fire, being stuck in an elevator).” 
  4. Mike Colagrossi, “Stockdale Paradox: Why confronting reality is vital to success,” Big Think, October 23, 2022, https://bigthink.com/health/stockdale-paradox-confronting-reality-vital-success/. 
  5. Tallon-Baudry, C. (2025). Interoception. In M. C. Frank & A. Majid (Eds.), Open Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science. MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.21428/e2759450.84963756.

IMPACT SPOTLIGHT

Bringing Audit Quality into View

Associate Professor Themin Suwardy’s practice-led work has helped shape conversations around audit quality in Singapore, bringing sector-wide evidence into view and giving audit committees and firms a more structured basis for looking beyond price and reputation.

References

  1. Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority and Association of Chartered Certified Accountants, Strengthening the Financial Reporting Value Chain in Singapore (2013), https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/277/4e8d7dbb-0c21-41a5-8481-c185d4600cb8/surveyofpreparersaccaacraprintedfinal.pdf.
  2. Themin Suwardy, Jean Lin Seow, and Chu Yeong Lim, Audit Adjustments Matter: Upholding Financial Reporting Quality (ACRA-commissioned report, 2014), https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soa_research/2341.
  3. Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, A Decade-long Journey in Enhancing Audit Quality: 10th Practice Monitoring Programme Report (2016), 17, https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/277/be3ef22e-2479-4272-aaec-d826af6f5ec5/acra10thpmpreport.pdf.
  4. Ministry of Finance, “Opening Address by Mrs Josephine Teo, Senior Minister of State for Finance and Transport, at the Public Accountants Conference”, August 27, 2014, https://www.mof.gov.sg/news-resources/newsroom/opening-address-by-mrs-josephine-teo-senior-minister-of-state-for-finance-and-transport-at-the-public-accountants-conference/. 
  5. Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, Audit Adjustments Matter: What They Reveal About Companies’ Financial Reporting, 2nd ed. (2020), https://www.acra.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/training-and-resources/publications/reports/research-reports/acra-audit-adjustment-report-2022.pdf.
  6. Singapore Institute of Directors, 2022 Mini-Guide for Audit Committees (2022), https://www.sid.org.sg/common/Uploaded%20files/Resources/ARC-Mini-Guides/ac-mini-guide-2022.pdf. 
  7. Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, “Keynote Address by Mr Kenneth Yap, ACRA Chief Executive, at the CPA Australia Congress,” October 14, 2015, https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/277/64066b4f-af90-478a-adee-35b21a5486ab/acra-ce-keynote-address-delivered-at-the-cpa-congress-on-14-oct-2015.pdf.
  8. Themin Suwardy, Melvin Yong, and ACRA Team, Deepening the Audit Quality Conversation (2015), https://www.acra.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/public-accountants/audit-quality-indicators-disclosure-framework/acra-cpaa-joint-publication-on-aqi.pdf. 
  9. Accounting and Corporate Regulatory Authority, Driving Audit Quality: Designing Next-Generation Audit Quality Indicators (2025), https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/277/218de23b-4a3f-41f1-9d73-5721b5cff70a/audit-quality-indicators.pdf. 

IN MOTION

The Human Test of AI Resilience 

AI systems may work as designed and still weaken organisational judgement and trust. The real test of resilience lies in how people use, question and remain accountable for them.

By Jack McGuire

References

  1. Shane Schweitzer et al., “Leading AI Adoption in Organizations: Introducing a Behavioral Human-Centered Approach,” International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 42, no. 5 (July 18, 2025): 3363–74, https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2531287.
  2. Daniel Kahneman, Thinking, Fast and Slow (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2011). 
  3. Solon Barocas, Moritz Hardt and Arvind Narayanan, Fairness and Machine Learning: Limitations and Opportunities (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 2023). 
  4. Berkeley J. Dietvorst, Joseph P. Simmons, and Cade Massey, “Algorithm Aversion: People Erroneously Avoid Algorithms After Seeing Them Err.,” Journal of Experimental Psychology General 144, no. 1 (2014): 114–26, https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0000033. 
  5. Raja Parasuraman and Victor Riley, “Humans and Automation: Use, Misuse, Disuse, Abuse,” Human Factors the Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 39, no. 2 (1997): 230–53, https://doi.org/10.1518/001872097778543886. 
  6. Raji, Inioluwa Deborah, Andrew Smart, Rebecca N. White, Margaret Mitchell, Timnit Gebru, Ben Hutchinson, Jamila Smith-Loud, Daniel Theron, and Parker Barnes. "Closing the AI accountability gap: Defining an end-to-end framework for internal algorithmic auditing." In Proceedings of the 2020 conference on fairness, accountability, and transparency, pp. 33-44. 2020. 
  7. Inioluwa Deborah Raji et al., “Closing the AI accountability gap: Defining an end-to-end framework for internal algorithmic auditing.”, in Proceedings of the 2020 conference on fairness, accountability, (Association for Computing Machinery, 2020), 33-44.
  8. Hind Benbya, Thomas H. Davenport, and Stella Pachidi, “Artificial Intelligence in Organizations: Current State and Future Opportunities,” MIS Quarterly Executive 19, no. 4 (2020), https://aisel.aisnet.org/misqe/vol19/iss4/4. 

Subscribe to our mailing list.

Catch our latest updates without missing a beat.