Volume 11 Issue 3 | November 2024
PULSE POINT
Getting on Board with Incentivising ESG
What gets rewarded gets measured and done.
Reference
1. Shai Ganu et al., “Global Report on ESG Metrics in Incentive Plans 2023,” WTW, January 23, 2024, https://www.wtwco.com/en-ch/insights/2024/01/global-report-on-esg-metrics-in-incentive-plans-2023, accessed July 2024.
INSIGHTS
Re-imagining transport systems to cut carbon emissions and drive climate change.
By Mark Stevenson, Ferdinand Balfoort, and Darius Balfoort
Endnotes
1. National Climate Change Secretariat, Singapore, “Singapore’s Emissions Profile,” https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/singapores-climate-targets/singapore-emissions-profile/, accessed May 2024.
2. Land Transport Authority, “Reducing Peak Land Transport Emissions by 80%,” https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/newsroom/2022/3/news-releases/reducing-peak-land-transport-emissions-by-80-.html, accessed May 2024.
3. Jung Eun Oh et al., “Addressing Climate Change in Transport: Volume 1: Pathway to Low-Carbon Transport (English),” The World Bank, September 2019.
4. Nilakshi T. Waidyatillake et al., “Particulate Matter and Premature Mortality: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis,” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, nos. 18, 14 (2021):7655.
5. Richard A. Broome et al., “The Mortality Effect of PM2.5 Sources in the Greater Metropolitan Region of Sydney, Australia,” Environment International, no. 137 (April 2020): 105429.
6. Health Effects Institute, “Air Pollution,” https://www.healtheffects.org/air-pollution, accessed July 2024.
7. Igor A. Bashmakov et al., “Industry,” in Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by P. R. Shukla et al. (Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, USA, 2022).
8. National Climate Change Secretariat, Singapore, “Carbon Tax,” https://www.nccs.gov.sg/singapores-climate-action/mitigation-efforts/carbontax/#:~:text=To%20support%20our%20net%20zero,tCO2e%20by%202030, accessed June 2024.
9. Wong Pei Ting, “Climate Impact X Opens New Chapter as Carbon Exchange Goes Live,” The Business Times, June 8, 2023, https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/esg/climate-impact-x-opens-new-chapter-carbon-exchange-goes-live, accessed June 2024.
10. National Environment Agency, “Singapore Sets Out Eligibility Criteria for International Carbon Credits under the Carbon Tax Regime,” October 4, 2023, https://www.nea.gov.sg/media/news/news/index/singapore-sets-out-eligibility-criteria-for-international-carbon-credits-under-the-carbon-tax-regime, accessed July 2024.
11. Hélie Moreau et al., “Dockless E-Scooter: A Green Solution for Mobility? Comparative Case Study between Dockless E-Scooters, Displaced Transport, and Personal E-Scooters,” Sustainability, nos. 12, 5 (2020): 1803.
12. Anne de Bortoli, “Environmental Performance of Shared Micromobility and Personal Alternatives Using Integrated Modal LCA,” Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, no. 93 (April 2021): 102743.
13. Narelle Haworth et al., “Comparing the Risky Behaviours of Shared and Private E-Scooter and Bicycle Riders in Downtown Brisbane, Australia,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, no. 152 (March 2021): 105981.
14. Daniel J. Reck et al., “Explaining Shared Micromobility Usage, Competition and Mode Choice by Modelling Empirical Data from Zurich, Switzerland,” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, no. 124 (March 2021): 102947.
15. Oluwajana Seun Daniel et al., “Rationale for Governance and Effective Guidelines towards Attainment of Shared E-Scooter Micromobility Benefits in Windsor, Ontario,” Case Studies on Transport Policy, no. 13 (September 2023): 101051.
16. Gabriel Dias et al., “Shared E-Scooters and the Promotion of Equity across Urban Public Spaces–A Case Study in Braga, Portugal,” Applied Sciences, nos. 13, 6 (2023): 3653.
17. Gold Standard for the Global Goals, “Two and Three Wheeled Personal Transportation,” January 13, 2023, https://globalgoals.goldstandard.org/standards/434_V1.0_EE_Two-and-three-wheeled-personal-transportation.pdf, accessed July 2024.
18. Ferdinand Balfoort, “Deviation Request Form for GS TAC July 2023 (Final Peer Reviewed),” Sustain Cert, (2023), https://platform.sustain-cert.com/public-project/3389, accessed July 2024.
19. Mark Stevenson et al., “The Effect of Telematic Based Feedback and Financial Incentives on Driving Behaviour: A Randomised Trial,” Accident Analysis & Prevention, no. 159 (September 2021): 106278.
INSIGHTS
Urban H - Housing, Heat, Health
Future policy needs to triangulate the ‘triple-H’ to help marginalised urban populations..
By Loretta Lees
Endnotes
1. Rhiannon Thompson et al., “Ambient Temperature and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” The Lancet Planetary Health, nos. 7, 7 (2023): p e580-e589.
2. Angel Hsu et al., “Disproportionate Exposure to Urban Heat Island Intensity across Major U.S. Cities,” Nature Communications, nos. 12, 1 (2021): 2721.
3. Julia Meadows et al., “Mental Illness and Increased Vulnerability to Negative Health Effects from Extreme Heat Events: A Systematic Review,” Psychiatry Research, no. 332 (2023): 115678.
4. Rhiannon Thompson et al., R “Ambient Temperature and Mental Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” The Lancet Planetary Health, nos. 7, 7 (2023): e580-e589.
5. Emaan Fatima, “Impact of Climate Change on Individual and Community Mental Health,” Journal of Development Policy Research & Practice (JoDPRP), 6(1), (2022): 85–103.
6. Paolo Cianconi et al., “The Impact of Climate Change on Mental Health: A Systematic Descriptive Review,” Frontiers in Psychiatry, no. 11 (2020): 74.
7. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), “Climate Change Indicators: U.S. and Global Temperature,” www.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-temperature, accessed August 2024.
8. National League of Cities (NLC), “Management Practices and Resources to Combat the Effects of Climate Change on Healthy Housing, The Green and Healthy Homes Initiative,” (December 1, 2023).
9. David M. Hondula et al., “Geographic Dimensions of Heat-Related Mortality in Seven U.S. Cities,” Environmental Research, no. 138 (2015): 439-52.
10. Ambarish Vaidyanathan et al., “Heat-Related Deaths-United States, 2004-2018,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, no. 69 (2020): 729.
11. Mattheos Santamouris et al., “On the Impact of Urban Overheating and Extreme Climatic Conditions on Housing, Energy, Comfort and Environmental Quality of Vulnerable Population in Europe,” Energy and Buildings, no. 98 (2015): 125–133.
12. Alana Hansen et al., “The Effect of Heat Waves on Mental Health in a Temperate Australian City,” Environmental Health Perspectives, nos. 116, 10 (2008): 1369–1375.
13. Rachel Meltzer et al., “Housing Affordability and Health: Evidence from New York City,” Housing Policy Debate, nos. 26, 1 (2016): 80–104.
14. Colleen E. Reid et al., “Evaluation of a Heat Vulnerability Index on Abnormally Hot Days: An Environmental Public Health Tracking Study,” Environmental Health Perspectives, nos. 120, 5 (2012): 715–720.
15. Mitchell Manware et al., “Residential and Race/Ethnicity Disparities in Heat Vulnerability in the United States,” Geohealth, nos. 6, 12 (2022).
16. Jeremy S. Hoffman et al., “The Effects of Historical Housing Policies on Resident Exposure to Intra-Urban Heat: A Study of 108 US Urban Areas,” Climate, nos. 8, 1 (2020): 12.
17. ‘Redlining’ refers to the practices by financial institutions that mark an area as high-risk for mortgage lending, often based on racial or ethnic composition.
18. Brad Plumer and Nadja Popovich, “How Decades of Racist Housing Policy Left Neighborhoods Sweltering,” New York Times, August 24, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/08/24/climate/racism-redlining-cities-global-warming.html, accessed August 2024.
19. BU Initiatives on Cities, “2024 Early Stage Urban Research Awards,” May 8, 2024, https://www.bu.edu/ioc/2024/05/08/2024-early-stage-urban-research-awards/, accessed August 2024.
20. Rifda Ufaira et al., “Living in a Hot City: Thermal Justice through Green Open Space Provision,” Frontiers in Human Dynamics, no. 5 (2023).
21. The Jakarta Post, “Lack of Cooling Put Poor at Higher Risk in Hotter Jakarta,” October 23, 2023, https://asianews.network/lack-of-cooling-put-poor-at-higher-risk-in-hotter-jakarta/, accessed August 2024.
22. Loretta Lees et al., “Planetary Gentrification,” Polity Press: Cambridge (2016).
23. Brad Amburn, “The 2008 Global Cities Index,” Foreign Policy, October 6, 2009, https://foreignpolicy.com/2009/10/06/the-2008-global-cities-index/, accessed August 2024.
24. Kearney, “Readiness for the Storm: the 2022 Global Cities Report,” https://www.kearney.com/service/global-business-policy-council/gcr/2022-full-report, accessed August 2024.
25. Globalization and World Cities Research Network, https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/, accessed August 2024.
INSIGHTS
Promises, perils, and inspiration for the Global South.
By Rajendra Srivastava, Vijay Shankar S, and Aman Rajeev Kulkarni
References
1. Mordor Intelligence, “Telecom Industry in India Size & Share Analysis–Growth Trends & Forecasts (2024–2029),” 2023, https://www.mordorintelligence.com/industry-reports/india-telecom-market, accessed June 2024.
2. Bain & Company, “India’s Internet Economy to Reach $1 Trillion by 2030: Google, Temasek, and Bain & Company Report,” June 6, 2023, https://www.bain.com/about/media-center/press-releases/2023/indias-internet-economy-to-reach-us$1-trillion-by-2030-google-temasek-and-bain--company-report/, accessed May 2024.
3. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, “Highlights of Telecom Subscription Data as on 29 February 2024,” April 8, 2024, https://www.trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR_No.18of2024_0.pdf, accessed June 2024.
4. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, “Highlights on Telecom Subscription Data as on 28 February 2014,” April 23, 2014, https://trai.gov.in/sites/default/files/PR-TSD-Feb-23_04_14.pdf, accessed May 2024.
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6. Tina Gurnaney, “Reliance Jio Crosses 100 Million Customers Mark in 170 Days, Adding 7 Customers Per Second Each Day: Mukesh Ambani,” The Economic Times, February 16, 2017, https://telecom.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/reliance-jio-crosses-100-million-customers-mark-in-170-days-adding-7-customers-per-second-each-day-mukesh-ambani/57269346, accessed May 2024.
7. Arvind Gupta and Philip E. Auerswald, “How India is Moving toward a Digital-First Economy,” Harvard Business Review, November 8, 2017, https://hbr.org/2017/11/how-india-is-moving-toward-a-digital-first-economy?referral=03758&cm_vc=rr_item_page.top_right, accessed May 2024.
8. Ericsson Company, “Ericsson Mobility Report: 5G to Top One Billion Subscriptions in 2022 and 4.4 Billion in 2027,” June 21, 2022, https://www.ericsson.com/en/press-releases/2022/6/ericsson-mobility-report-5g-to-top-one-billion-subscriptions-in-2022-and-4.4-billion-in-2027, accessed June 2024.
9. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), “About Us,” https://www.npci.org.in/who-we-are/about-us, accessed May 2024.
10. Press Information Bureau (PIB) Delhi, “52.81 Crore PM Jan-Dhan Accounts with Deposit Balance of Rs. 2,30,792 Crore Opened as on 19.07.2024 under PMJDY,” August 5, 2024, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2041903, accessed August 2024.
11. ACI Worldwide, “Real-Time Payments Report,” 2023, https://www.aciworldwide.com/real-time-payments-report, accessed June 2024.
12. Press Information Bureau (PIB) Thiruvananthpuram, “India’s UPI: A Global Front-Runner in Digital Payment Systems,” October 30, 2023, https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1973082&ref=indiatech.com, accessed June 2024.
13. Hemant Kashyap, “Record-Breaking Numbers of UPI in 2022 Hint at India’s Maturing Digital Payments Ecosystem,” Inc42, January 6, 2023, https://inc42.com/features/record-breaking-numbers-upi-2022-hint-india-maturing-digital-payments-ecosystem/, accessed May 2023.
14. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), “UPI Product Statistics,” https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi/product-statistics, accessed June 2023.
15. Ritesh Shukla, “UPI: Revolutionising Real-Time Digital Payments in India,” European Payments Council, June 26, 2024, https://www.europeanpaymentscouncil.eu/news-insights/insight/upi-revolutionising-real-time-digital-payments-india, accessed May 2024.
16. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), “UPI Live Members,” https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/upi/live-members, accessed June 2024.
17. Statista, “Market Share of Cash, Credit Cards, and other Payment Methods at Point of Sale (POS) in India from 2017 to 2023, with a Forecast for 2027,” March 21, 2024, https://www-statista.com/statistics/1296697/preferred-payment-methods-india/, accessed July 2024.
18. Raghav Aggarwal, “P2M Transactions to Make 75% of All UPI Transactions by 2025: Report,” Business Standard, September 26, 2023, https://www.business-standard.com/finance/news/p2m-transactions-to-make-75-of-all-upi-transactions-by-2025-report-123092600366_1.html, accessed May 2024.
19. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), “Product Overview,” https://www.npci.org.in/what-we-do/rupay/product-overview, accessed July 2024.
20. Subrata Panda and Abhijit Lele, “RuPay Takes on Visa, Mastercard with a Little Govt Help,” rediff.com, March 30, 2021, https://www.rediff.com/business/report/rupay-takes-on-visa-mastercard-with-some-govt-help/20210330.htm, accessed May 2024.
21. NASSCOM, “India’s Digital Public Infrastructure,” February 22, 2024, https://community.nasscom.in/sites/default/files/publicreport/Digital%20Public%20Infrastructure%2022-2-2024_compressed.pdf, accessed May 2024.
22. Statista, “Number of Smartphone Users in India in 2010 to 2023, with Estimates until 2040 (in Millions) ,” https://www.statista.com/statistics/467163/forecast-of-smartphone-users-in-india/, accessed July 2024.
A WALK THROUGH ASIA
From Congestion to Connectivity
Southeast Asia is betting on new urban transit systems to solve its urban gridlock problems.
By Shoeb Kagda
References
1. Ilona Estherina, “Indonesian High-Speed Train Whoosh Records 4mn Passengers in 9 Months of Operation,” Tempo.co, July 15, 2024, https://en.tempo.co/read/1891664/indonesian-high-speed-train-whoosh-records-4mn-passengers-in-9-months-of-operation, accessed August 2024.
2. Ayman Falak Medina, “Indonesia Launches Southeast Asia’s First High Speed Railway,” ASEAN Briefing, October 5, 2023, https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/indonesia-launches-southeast-asias-first-high-speed-railway/, accessed August 2024.
3. Doan Loan, “Passengers Ditch Motorbikes for Hanoi Metro Line,” VnExpress.net, May 26, 2024, https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/traffic/passengers-ditch-motorbikes-for-hanoi-metro-line-4750564.html, accessed August 2024.
4. Statista.com, “Public Transportation–Southeast Asia,” https://www.statista.com/outlook/mmo/shared-mobility/public-transportation/southeast-asia, accessed August 2024.
5. USAID, “Developing the Transjakarta Busway: The World’s Longest Bus Rapid Transit System,” July 2, 2024, https://www.usaid.gov/indonesia/stories/jul-02-2024-developing-transjakarta-busway-worlds-longest-bus-rapid-transit-system#:~:text=Transjakarta%20was%20the%20first%20BRT,to%20crisscross%20Jakarta%20every%20day, accessed August 2024.
6. Surbana Jurong Private Limited, “Mitbana TOD,” https://surbanajurong.com/sector/mitbana-tod/, accessed August 2024.
CASE IN POINT
JUMBO Group shows how digital transformation and its seafood business can go together.
By Geng Xuesong, Andrew Chin, and Thomas Lim
Endnotes
1. A PDA was an electronic handheld organiser which linked up to a personal computer to carry out various functions like managing calendars and handling documents. It was commonly used in the 1990s and 2000s but had since been supplanted by smartphones.
2. JUMBO Group of Restaurants, “Velocities of Growth: The Singapore 1000 Stories (JUMBO Seafood),” YouTube, published November 11, 2011, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XgElVR0BjMg, accessed July 2024.
3. Mike Leaño, “Jumbo-Scale Digitalisation for a Restaurant Chain,” Frontier Enterprise, November 18, 2021, https://www.frontier-enterprise.com/jumbo-scale-digitalisation-for-a-restaurant-chain, accessed July 2024.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Loletta Chow and Peter Bos, “How JUMBO Seafood is Paving the Way to International Growth,” EY, https://www.ey.com/en_sg/growth/how-jumbo-seafood-is-paving-the-way-to-international-growth, accessed July 2024.